What is an organization and why are managers important to an Essay

What is an organization and why are managers important to an organization's success - Essay Example A setting is recognized as an organization if it is created with a certain purpose that is unique to the organization. No organization can ever exist until and unless there are people within the organization because these people are responsible for attaining the purpose for which it was created. Lastly these organizations follow a particular structure to help members of the organization in recognizing their roles and tasks. For example: a school comprises of strict structure in which the school is head by the principal and the principals have certain number of supervisors that are answerable to the principle and who ensure that the aims set by the principle are followed by the teachers. The teachers are answerable to the supervisors and the teachers are responsible for ensuring that the students follow the instructions of the teachers in order to attain the aims that were initially constructed by the principle. All these individuals that work for the attainment of the purpose of orga nization are recognized as managers and these managers are responsible for the performance and the growth of the organization. All the duties that were highlighted for different individuals of an organization fall in the category of management and management is simply defined as the task of a manager. Management constitutes of supervising different tasks carries out by different members of an organization with the objective of ensuring that these tasks are being carried in an effective and efficient manner and this task of supervising the work of others differentiates an individual holding a managerial position from those who work on non-managerial positions (Fleming 9). When managers are involved in the act of ensuring that others in the organization operate in an efficient manner, they make sure that the best possible outcomes are achieved with the investment of least possible resources. This is mainly because managers have to

English Composition Essay Example for Free

English Composition Essay I am writing my research paper on the topic of mandatory minimum jail sentences. Why do we have mandatory minimum sentences for certain criminal offenses that cause individuals to do extended prison terms when their offenses are totally different from someone who commits a similar offense but do the same amount of time? My work in law enforcement leads me to believe that people should not be sentenced to mandatory sentences. I’ve seen a number young men incarcerated for minor crimes who received mandatory sentences that appeared to be very harsh in comparison to the offense they were convicted of. This argument should be of interest to those who have the power to change the law, opposers of the law, and those in favor of mandatory sentences who feel they are equitable. I will argue that the laws governing mandatory minimum sentences should be amended. I believe the length of a sentence, should depend upon the severity of the offense committed. For example, someone apprehended with a small bag of marijuana for personal usage should not be required to complete the same sentence as someone with pounds of marijuana that was planned to be widely distributed. To be sure justice is served, which is the goal of the court system, criminal sentences should be decided on an individual basis with due consideration to guidelines given by the law. It should also be argued that the first purpose of the court should be to rehabilitate. This can only be done by personal consideration of each case and punishment. I look forward to sharing my thoughts on this provocative issue.

Analysis of the Doppler Effect

Analysis of the Doppler Effect Assignment 3: topics and themes in physics- oscillations and waves Doppler radar A Doppler radar is specialized radar that uses the Doppler Effect to produce data about an objects velocity at a given distance. Doppler radar works by bouncing microwave signals at the desired target and then listening to its reflection, then the returning frequency is analysed to see how it has changed from the original signal. This variation gives direct and highly accurate measurements of the radial component of a targets velocity relative to the radar. The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift), named after the famed Austrian physicist Christian Doppler who proposed it in 1842 and is the difference between the observed frequency and the emitted frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the waves. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a siren approaches, passes and dulls from an observer perspective. When a wave with angular frequency ω and phase velocity c propagates in a medium, an observer moving with velocity v parallel to c experiences a shifted frequency ω1 = ω (1 − v/c) (1). They do not depend on the relative velocity as other circumstances do occur. Electromagnetic waves share with sound the same property which is propagation velocity. It is independent of the motion of the source . Einstein formulated his extended principle of relativity stated that all physical and electromagnetic forces should depend on relative velocities. From this he created Lorentz transformation. Sound vs. Light There are three differences between acoustical (sound) and optical (light) Doppler effects: The optical frequency change is not dependent on which is moving the source or observer either is it affected by the medium through which the waves are moving, but acoustical frequency is affected by these things. Optical frequency changes are affected if the source or observer moves at right angles to the line connecting the source and observer. Observed acoustical changes are not affected in such a situation. Applications of the Doppler phenomenon include the Doppler radar and the measurement by astronomers of the motion and direction of celestial bodies. Light itself travels at 186,000miles a second (, but unlike sound light doesn’t need to travel through a medium. Whereas sound cannot be transmitted into space light can be in the form of radiation and also a form of energy that is put through a vacuum. The Doppler effect of light is more commonly known as the relativistic Doppler Effect. The Doppler Effect In Astronomy In astronomy, the Doppler Effect was originally studied in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Today we can the see the use of the Doppler shift(Doppler effect) applies to all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also, because of the inverse relationship between frequency and wavelength, we can describe the Doppler shift in terms of wavelength. Radiation is red shifted when its wavelength increases, and is blue shifted when its wavelength decreases. Astronomers use Doppler shifts to calculate very accurately at what rate stars and other astronomical objects are moving towards or away from Earth. For example the spectral lines emitted by hydrogen gas in distant galaxies is often observed to be considerably red shifted. The spectral line emission, normally found at a wavelength of 21 centimetres on Earth, might be observed at 21.1 centimetres instead. This 0.1 centimetre redshift would indicate that the gas is moving away from Earth at over 1,400 kilometres per second (over 880 miles per second). The red shift As an object moves further away from an observer the light waves emitted are affected by the Doppler Effect. In 1923, American astronomer and physicist Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) observed that the light waves from distant galaxies were shifted so much to the red end of the light spectrum that they must be moving away from the Milky Way, the galaxy in which Earth is located, at a high rate.(10) After these finding he then furthered his studies and came up with a mathematical formula in which he could determine how far away and at what rate they were moving away from the galaxy and how far towards the red shift. This formula is known as Hubble’s constant. From this a lot of other astronomers have come together and came up with the theory that the universe emerged instantly in a sort of bang, therefore coming amount the big bang theory. My research of galaxies the sun itself contains helium. This is proven as on the spectrum scale there are black lines in which the sun has absorbed light through the helium The Doppler Effect in aerospace Sonic booms, usually produced by airplanes passing through the sound barrier, are another example of the Doppler Effect. As a plane approaches the sound barrier the sound waves become increasingly compressed at the front of the plane. Pilots have also reported that they feel noticeable wall or barrier as they approach the speed of sound, and this is due to this intense compression of the sound waves. When the plane reaches the speed of sound, and passes through, it is said to go supersonic. There have been high speed photos taken of high velocity objects such as planes and bullets approaching, then breaking through the sound barrier. In these, the compression of the sound waves are clearly shown in the front, with the concomitant lengthening at the rear, just as would be expected by the Doppler Effect. Doppler Navigation System uses the Doppler effect to measure an aircrafts ground speed and heading. The Doppler radar functions by continuous measurement of Doppler shift and converting the measured values to groundspeed and drift angle. In early systems the aircrafts departure point was loaded into a navigation computer, which then converted the aircrafts heading and Doppler ground speed/drift inputs into a continuous display of aircraft position; this was then displayed as latitude and longitude, and/ or as distance to go along track and position left or right of track, in nautical miles. Aircraft navigation systems such as these are very important because they are key in getting the aircraft from one location to another safely. Doppler navigation is also one of the systems that air traffic controllers use, its allows then to see an aircraft’s exact heading, air speed and altitude. This allows the aircraft controller to give keep aircraft in clear and uncongested air which s ignificantly reduces the chances of in air collisions. DOPPLER RADAR The police also utilise the Doppler Effect in the form of Doppler radar to calculate the speed of passing car and to check whether they are obeying the speed limits. This technology is not only used by the police but also by meteorologists. The change in frequency experienced as a result of the Doppler effect is exactly twice the ratio between the velocity of the target (for instance, a speeding car) and the speed with which the radar pulse is directed toward the target. From this formula, it is possible to determine the velocity of the target when the frequency change and speed of radar propagation are known. The police officers Doppler radar performs these calculations; then all the officer has to do is pull over the speeder and write a ticket. The development in Doppler radar has also helped to helped to eliminate aviation crashes associated with microburst. A microburst is a very localized column of sinking air caused by a small and intense downdraft within a thunderstorm. The crash Delta Air Lines Flight 191 , which a microburst was the primary cause for the crash of the Lockheed L1011 Tri-Star was key factor in the push for developing microburst detection system. As a result of the crash, planes are now fitted with Doppler radar as standard. It allows pilots to prepare for microburst and allows then to increase power to the engines to stop the plane from crashing. The Doppler radar system of the plane is usually located in the planes ray dome. Meteorology Meteorologists use Doppler radar to track the movement of storm by detecting the direction and velocity of raindrops or hail, for instance, Doppler radar can be used to determine the motion of winds and, thus, to predict weather patterns that will follow in the next minutes or hours. But Doppler radar can do more than simply detect a storm in progress: Doppler technology also aids meteorologists by interpreting wind direction, as an indicator of incoming storms. Meteorologists use a similar principle to read weather events. In this case, the stationary transmitter is located in a weather station and the moving object being studied is a storm system. This is what happens: Radio waves are emitted from a weather station at very specific frequency. The waves are large enough to interact with clouds and other atmospheric objects. The waves strike objects and bounce back toward the station. If the clouds or precipitation are moving away from the station, the frequency of the waves reflected back decreases. If the clouds or precipitation are moving toward the station, the frequency of the waves reflected back increases. Computers in the radar electronically convert Doppler shift data about the reflected radio waves into more useful pictures which show wind speeds and direction. Doppler radars are also a lot more sensitive to movement of targets in general, whether they are moving towards or away from the radar site which things such as birds, insects, or just clouds when they are operated in certain modes. Doppler radars measure a targets velocity, which both is the speed of movement the direction that its moving. These types of radars allow meteorologists to see a lot of the in detail movements that go on inside thunderstorms, this then allows the meteorologists to predict how those thunderstorms will behave in the future. Doppler Echocardiogram A traditional echocardiogram uses sound waves to produce fairly accurate images of the heart. In this procedure, a radiologist uses a transducer to transmit and receive ultrasound waves, which are reflected when they reach the edge of two structures with different densities. The image produced by an echocardiogram shows the edges of heart structures, but the down side it cannot measure the speed of blood flow as it makes its way through the heart. In a Doppler echocardiogram, sound waves of a certain frequency are transmitted into the heart. The sound waves bounce off blood cells moving through the heart and blood vessels. The movement of these cells, either toward or away from the transmitted waves which then results in a frequency shift that can be measured. This helps cardiologists determine the speed and direction of blood flow in the heart which is the most significant difference between the traditional echocardiogram and a Doppler echocardiogram. Transverse and longitudinal waves A transverse wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring at right angles to the direction of energy transfer. If a transverse wave is moving in the positive x-direction, its oscillations are in up and down directions that lie in the y–z plane. For transverse waves in matter the displacement of the medium is at 90 degrees to the direction of propagation of the wave. A ripple in a pond and a wave on a string are easily visualized forms of transverse waves. Examples of transverse waves include S (secondary) waves, and the motion of the electric (E) and magnetic (M) fields in an electromagnetic plane wave, which both oscillate perpendicularly to each other as well as to the direction of energy transfer. Conclusion In conclusion this reports through my many hours of research, talks in detail about the history and the useful applications of it. Aircraft and aerospace engineering as they use Doppler radar is a very interesting and a wide range of applications and I have toughly enjoyed researching about it especially since these are topic areas which i am particularly interested and other practical uses with the speed guns used in the police force and also the sirens on the motor vehicles. The application of the Doppler Effect and its applications in aerospace are a very interesting subject and something which i very much look forward to looking and working on in am going into university.

LEGO and the Market for Children’s Building Blocks Essay -- Children T

†¢ Background There exists in some human beings an insatiable draw towards the unique and the unusual, as much a statement of individuality as the clothes a person wears. This attraction sometimes leads towards the hobby of collecting a set of objects. Each person has their own niche of memorabilia, often a set that reminds them of childhood fantasies or other happy times. Because these consumers have specialized needs, wanting with varying fierceness to obtain specific, rare items to complete their sets, the collectibles market makes for intriguing study, especially that dominated by LEGO—the market for a collectible children’s toy distinguished by its interlocking bricks. The LEGO Company has made itself a giant in the market for children’s toys during its existence and has used that leverage to propel itself successfully into the collectibles market. The firm began as a manufacturer of wooden toys in Denmark seventy years ago. Sales allowed the Danish company to survive, but not to thrive until it introduced in 1949 miniature plastic blocks with divots and bumps that were aligned such that they could fit into one another, and were designed for building structures. With these plastic blocks the company was able to market to all first-world countries, from North America to Western Europe, Australia, and Japan. Visualizing something and then constructing it, its creators believed, was and is an educational experience that encourages â€Å"lifelong creativity, imagination and learning,† according to their press release. Perhaps the very reason that many people now collect LEGOs is that they were indeed captivated as children with the infinite capacity of the blocks. LEGO expanded its product line in the late 1980’s by... ...th. By having examined its competitors and their successes, one now sees by contrast what LEGO is and is not. To continue setting the market standard it must maintain its current corporate direction, including repeated product updates and retirements, that was critically scrutinized here and proven to work. Indeed, ask history itself. - 10 - Works Cited â€Å"Annual Average Exchange Rates: 2001.† Spreadsheet. Bank of England. 29 Oct. 2002 . Annual Report: LEGO Company. â€Å"Annual Accounts 2001.† 2001. . Annual Report: MegaBloks Inc. â€Å"MegaBloks Quarterly Report 2002. 2002. . â€Å"The Ultimate LEGO book.† New York: DK Publishing. 1999. Heller, Richard. â€Å"(Re) Building Blocks.† Forbes. 168.13 (2001): 154. Mand, Adrienne. â€Å"Bionicle Web Chronicle.† Advertising Age. 72.33 (2001): 21. LEGO and the Market for Children’s Building Blocks Essay -- Children T †¢ Background There exists in some human beings an insatiable draw towards the unique and the unusual, as much a statement of individuality as the clothes a person wears. This attraction sometimes leads towards the hobby of collecting a set of objects. Each person has their own niche of memorabilia, often a set that reminds them of childhood fantasies or other happy times. Because these consumers have specialized needs, wanting with varying fierceness to obtain specific, rare items to complete their sets, the collectibles market makes for intriguing study, especially that dominated by LEGO—the market for a collectible children’s toy distinguished by its interlocking bricks. The LEGO Company has made itself a giant in the market for children’s toys during its existence and has used that leverage to propel itself successfully into the collectibles market. The firm began as a manufacturer of wooden toys in Denmark seventy years ago. Sales allowed the Danish company to survive, but not to thrive until it introduced in 1949 miniature plastic blocks with divots and bumps that were aligned such that they could fit into one another, and were designed for building structures. With these plastic blocks the company was able to market to all first-world countries, from North America to Western Europe, Australia, and Japan. Visualizing something and then constructing it, its creators believed, was and is an educational experience that encourages â€Å"lifelong creativity, imagination and learning,† according to their press release. Perhaps the very reason that many people now collect LEGOs is that they were indeed captivated as children with the infinite capacity of the blocks. LEGO expanded its product line in the late 1980’s by... ...th. By having examined its competitors and their successes, one now sees by contrast what LEGO is and is not. To continue setting the market standard it must maintain its current corporate direction, including repeated product updates and retirements, that was critically scrutinized here and proven to work. Indeed, ask history itself. - 10 - Works Cited â€Å"Annual Average Exchange Rates: 2001.† Spreadsheet. Bank of England. 29 Oct. 2002 . Annual Report: LEGO Company. â€Å"Annual Accounts 2001.† 2001. . Annual Report: MegaBloks Inc. â€Å"MegaBloks Quarterly Report 2002. 2002. . â€Å"The Ultimate LEGO book.† New York: DK Publishing. 1999. Heller, Richard. â€Å"(Re) Building Blocks.† Forbes. 168.13 (2001): 154. Mand, Adrienne. â€Å"Bionicle Web Chronicle.† Advertising Age. 72.33 (2001): 21.

Should Society and Parents control the diets of School Aged Kids?

â€Å"The percentage of overweight children in the United States is growing at an alarming rate with 1 out of 3 kids now considered overweight or obese† according to the article on Kids Health. org ( Overweight and Obesity). Over weight children tend to carry the unhealthy trait over into their adult years. The responsibility of healthy eating and physical activity begin with the parents at home. The parents/guardians are responsible for the well-being of the child. Parents are responsible in teaching their children good eating and excersise habits. Parents are suppose to teach their children portion control along with self control. Many parents don't demand physical activity from their children, which in turn leads to obesity most children today indulge in video games and highly saturated fatty foods. Society plays a part but it starts at home. The parents, are responsible for incorporating fruits and vegetables into ones diet. Children are a product of their environment are surroundings. If children are not taught at home, how can healthy choices be incorporated any where else. In order for a child to make wise descions it has to be taught from home. Obesity also leads to different types of health issues. The health of children today is gradually declining in rapid numbers. It's time for the parents to put healthy living in action starting with themselves. According to (Division of Adolescent and School health, National center for chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion) During the last 3 decades, the prevalence of obesity has tripled amoung persons aged 6-19 years. Multiple Chronic disease risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels are related to obesity. In today's society the disease that were was acquired in older adults, are in rapid rates being diagnosed by younger individuals due to obesity. Its time for a change people. In conclusion, as far as children goes it is the responsibility of the parents to make sure they are eating healthy, and are active physically daily. Parents must stress the importance of healthy eating and active lifestyles. In order for children to live healthy productive lifestyles, it must be practiced at home first. It's time to get fit. Today is the perfect day to start.

The Brick Tower †a Speech by Justin Hudson Essay Essays

The Brick Tower - a Speech by Justin Hudson Essay Essays The Brick Tower - a Speech by Justin Hudson Essay Paper The Brick Tower - a Speech by Justin Hudson Essay Paper Essay Topic: 8th Grade Ladies and gentlemen. household. module and my fellow schoolmates of the category of 2010. before I begin I would wish to thank those instructors who chose this modest address among the outstanding aggregation of addresss written by my extremely competent equals. I would besides wish to thank all the people who have expressed their support for me and their expectancy for this address. To be told â€Å"You are the best individual in the class to give this speech† . or some fluctuation of that statement. more than one time is truly humbling. and you all are either the most polite people I know. or the kindest people I know. It is a great award to give this reference. and I promise I do non take it lightly. I have chosen every word rather carefully because I am to the full cognizant of the duty you all have bestowed upon me. Today. I stand earlier you as a personification of conflictedness. I find myself on this dais sing legion warring emotions. and I am certain many of you here empathize with me on that point. Firstly. and possibly most evidently. I am filled with a great sense of felicity and achievement. My equals and I have put much attempt for the last six years- a tierce of our lives therefore far- into being able to stand here today and say that we’ve earned the right to stand here. It was by no agencies easy. and there were many times when I thought I would non make this finish line. But those battles have merely made this minute sweeter. The people who are on this phase survived four old ages of Latin. or 8th grade swim category. or English with Ms. D’Amico. or BC Calculus. or the 25 % regulation. and I think all of us can take some pride in that. Yet. my ambivalency on this twenty-four hours stems from the really fact that this ceremonial is the terminal of an backbreaking journey. While I am ready to go on my academic enterprises. cognizing that Hunter has exhaustively prepared me for them. I am besides filled with a deep sense of anxiousness and unhappiness. Hunter has been my 2nd place for the last six old ages. and it has bordered on going my first place. Between my clip diligently taking notes in the schoolroom. playing Chinese Poker in the hallway. taking a sleep in the G. O. office. madly practising for a cultural show or theatre production in the auditorium. heartening for an undefeated hoops squad in the secondary school. or merely sitting outside on the senior stairss. istening to a roar box and basking nice conditions in the courtyard. Hunter has genuinely become a sanctuary for me. My life has revolved around the fourstory brick edifice that stands on East 94th Street and Park Avenue. and Hunter’s intimate category size means that I have become as affiliated to the people of this school as I have to the edifice itself. It may sound artful to state that I will lose each and every one of you. but all of you in some little manner have shaped me into the individual I am today. so I thank you all for that. Of class. the comfort that I have attained at Hunter makes this going a instead dying one. but with anxiousness comes excitement. and the terminal of this journey signifies the start of a trade name new one. As I leave behind the heat that I have experienced at Hunter to come in a immensely new and quite terrorization terrain. I can merely assist but believe back to the last clip I was in this state of affairs. as a fresh-faced. childlike twelve-year old come ining the premonition. windowless Brick Prison for the first clip. Every facet of my life since that point has been overpoweringly positive. so all my frights about what lies in front are somewhat tamed by the thought that I will at least come near to sing in my hereafter what I have already experienced at Hunter. However. ladies and gentlemen. more than felicity. alleviation. fright or unhappiness. I feel a really strong emotion that I can non disregard today. More than anything else. today I feel guilty. I feel guilty because I don’t merit any of this. And neither do any of you. We received an outstanding instruction at no charge based entirely on our public presentation on a trial we took when we were eleven twelvemonth olds. or four twelvemonth olds. We received superior instructors and extra resources based on our position as â€Å"gifted† . while childs who of course needed those resources much more than us wallowed in the quag of a broken system. And now. we stand on the precipice of our lives. in control of our lives. based strictly and merely on fortune and circumstance. If you truly believe that the demographics of Hunter represent the distribution of intelligence in this metropolis. so you must believe that the Upper West Side. Bayside and Flushing are per se more intelligent than the South Bronx. Bedford-Stuyvesant and Washington Heights. and I refuse to accept that. It is surely non Hunter’s mistake that socioeconomic factors inhibit the educational chances of some kids from birth. and in some ways I forgive colleges and universities that are forced to reexamine 18 year-olds. the terminal consequences of a broken system. But. we are speaking about 11 year-olds. Four year-olds. We are make up ones minding children’s destinies before they even had a opportunity. We are playing God. and we are losing. Childs are losing the chance to travel to college or obtain a calling. because no 1 taught them long division or colourss. Hunter is perpetuating a system in which kids. who contain unchecked and untapped mind and creativeness. are discarded like garbage. And we have the audaciousness to state they deserved it. because we’re smarter than them. As pupils. we throw around empty cliches like â€Å"deserve† and â€Å"earn† . most likely because it makes us experience better about ourselves. However. it merely isn’t the instance. I know for a fact that I did non work every bit difficult as I perchance could hold. and I think the same is true for everyone on this phase. Nevertheless. people who work much harder than we of all time could conceive of will neer hold the chances that lie in forepart of us. I apologize if this is non the address you wanted to hear. but you will hold the remainder of your lives to observe your achievements. I apologize if I have non inspired you. or uplifted you. but we have failed to animate and elate an full coevals of kids. That being said. allow me do it really clear that I am non giving anyone here a moral talk. for I am as complicit in the system we are a portion of as anyone else in this room. If anything. I merely make these comments to farther stress how much Hunter has meant to me. because I am acutely cognizant of where I would be now without it. As receivers of luck. we more than anyone else should be able to understand and esteem what our high school experience has meant to us. and has done for us. My guilt finally stems from my consciousness of the academic. societal. emotional and psychological tools that Hunter has blessed us with. Therefore. I believe the best manner to pacify this guilt is to utilize those causeless tools to non merely better myself. but besides better the society that surrounds us outside these oh. so narrow walls. I do non cognize the capacity in which I will be able to do this universe a better and more merely topographic point. but I strongly believe that instruction is the most effectual agencies of making societal betterment. which is exactly why this is a conflict we can non profess. My experiences at Hunter have left me with one concluding emotion ; the last sentiment I will portion with you today is hope. I hope that I will utilize the tools that Hunter has given me as a means to supply chances to others. non out of a sense of paternalistic philanthropic gift. but out of a sense of responsibility to give to other people what Hunter has given to me. I besides hope that you all will make the same. in whatever manner you see fit. Even more so. I hope that in the close hereafter. instruction itself will non be a privilege for the few in this universe. I hope that a quality instruction will non be a privilege for the few in this state. I hope that the Hunter community will fall from its tusk tower made of brick. and administer its tools equally to the mass of humanity that is the City of New York. I hope that. despite its jobs. Hunter can turn out to be the regulation. and non the exclusion. to what can be as a school. Finally. I hope from the underside of my bosom that omeday a category talker can stand on this dais and look into an audience of his closest and dearest friends whom he neer would hold met without Hunter and whom he’ll neer bury. an audience of module members he has a deep regard and esteem for. an audience of household members who have supported him throughout his full life without inquiring for anything in return. I hope this kid can stand on this really phase. expression at the most of import people in his life. and experience happy. sad. relieved. scared. accomplished or whatever his bosom desires. without experiencing guilty about a damn thing. Thank you for your clip.